Aortic stenosis is a heart condition characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve, which obstructs blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. This condition can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Aortic stenosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including age-related degeneration, congenital abnormalities, and rheumatic fever. Treatment for aortic stenosis may include medication, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery to repair or replace the valve. Research in this area focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of aortic stenosis, improving diagnostic methods, and developing new treatment options to improve outcomes for patients with this condition.